What technique involves repeating a word or phrase for emphasis?

The technique that involves repeating a word or phrase for emphasis is known as anaphora. This rhetorical device is effective in creating a rhythm and reinforcing an idea by repeating the same expression at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. For example, the famous phrase "I have a dream," used by Martin Luther King Jr., illustrates anaphora, as the repetition highlights his vision and enhances the emotional impact of his message. By using this technique, the speaker can draw attention to particular themes or concepts, creating a lasting impression on the audience.

Other techniques listed serve different purposes; alliteration involves the repetition of initial consonant sounds, creating a musical quality rather than emphasizing a specific idea. A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, while hyperbole is an exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally. Unlike anaphora, these techniques do not focus on the repetition of words for emphasis.