Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

What is a straw man fallacy?

1. A logical argument that strengthens the opponent’s views

2. A misrepresentation of the opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

3. A fallacy that involves asking the audience to take a side

4. A technique that presents all sides of an issue equally

The correct answer is: A misrepresentation of the opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

The straw man fallacy is characterized by the misrepresentation or distortion of an opponent's argument. This allows the individual presenting the straw man to attack a version of the argument that is much simpler or weaker than the original. By doing so, the person avoids engaging with the actual points made by the opponent and can instead refute this weaker version more easily. This tactic can mislead the audience into believing that the original argument has been effectively debunked, thus providing a false sense of victory in the debate. In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe a straw man fallacy. For instance, a logical argument that strengthens an opponent's views would be beneficial and constructive rather than fallacious. Asking the audience to take a side introduces a different rhetorical strategy that encourages division rather than misrepresentation. Presenting all sides of an issue equally is a hallmark of fairness and critical thinking, which stands in stark contrast to the deceiving strategy employed in a straw man fallacy.