Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

What does synecdoche involve in literary terms?

1. A figure of speech that uses an entire story to make a point

2. A reference to an object by its material composition

3. A figure of speech that uses a part to represent a whole

4. A phrase that describes a whole in terms of its attributes

The correct answer is: A figure of speech that uses a part to represent a whole

Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole, or vice versa. This literary device allows writers to create vivid imagery and convey deeper meanings with brevity. For instance, saying "all hands on deck" uses "hands" (a part) to refer to the crew members (the whole). This method can evoke a stronger emotional response or create a sense of unity by focusing on an essential aspect of the larger concept. In contrast, other options do not accurately capture the essence of synecdoche. Using an entire story to make a point, referencing an object by its material composition, or describing a whole based on its attributes each represent different figures of speech or literary techniques that do not align with the specific definition of synecdoche. Thus, the choice that describes synecdoche correctly is the one that identifies a part used to symbolize the whole.