Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

What does "ethos" refer to in rhetorical appeals?

1. Emotion

2. Character

3. Logic

4. Context

The correct answer is: Character

"Ethos" refers to the appeal to credibility or character in rhetorical situations. It is one of the three primary modes of persuasion, along with pathos and logos. Ethos establishes the speaker's authority and trustworthiness, allowing the audience to feel confident in the information being presented. By demonstrating personal integrity, expertise, or moral character, the speaker cultivates a sense of respect and reliability, which is crucial for persuasion. Contextually, ethos plays a significant role in various forms of communication, especially in persuasive writing and speeches. For instance, a speaker may reference their qualifications or personal experiences to enrich their argument and enhance audience belief in their perspective. This strategic approach helps the audience connect with the speaker on a deeper level, reinforcing the overall effectiveness of the communication. The other options pertain to different rhetorical strategies: emotion connects to pathos, which appeals to the audience's feelings; logic relates to logos, which involves reasoning and factual evidence; and context refers to the surrounding circumstances or background that influence the communication. However, in the framework of rhetorical appeals, it is ethos that specifically pertains to the character and credibility of the speaker.