Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

What does either/or (false dilemma) imply in argumentation?

1. It provides a range of options for consideration

2. It frames the argument in terms of two extreme choices only

3. It encourages dialogue between multiple parties

4. It offers a compromise between differing viewpoints

The correct answer is: It frames the argument in terms of two extreme choices only

The choice indicating that a false dilemma frames the argument in terms of two extreme choices only is accurate because it highlights a common logical fallacy where complex issues are oversimplified into two opposing options. This tactic narrows the discussion and restricts the audience's ability to see the full spectrum of possibilities. This framing can misleadingly suggest that one of the two extremes must be chosen, ignoring other viable alternatives and contributing to black-and-white thinking. For example, if a debate presents only two options—such as "you either support this policy fully, or you are against it entirely"—it ignores other positions that might include moderate support, conditional approval, or suggestions for improvement. By limiting the choices to only two extremes, this approach diminishes the richness of dialogue and can lead to a skewed interpretation of the issue at hand. It’s a tactic often used to manipulate the audience’s perception by stripping away nuance and complexity.