Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

What characterizes a claim in argumentative writing?

1. It states an unarguable topic.

2. It presents a neutral observation.

3. It expresses an arguable position or assertion.

4. It provides a summary of background information.

The correct answer is: It expresses an arguable position or assertion.

A claim in argumentative writing is defined as an assertion or position on an issue that can be debated or challenged. It goes beyond stating mere facts or observations, positioning the writer’s opinion in a way that invites discussion and requires support through reasoning, evidence, and counterarguments. Option C captures this essence perfectly, as it emphasizes the nature of a claim as something that can be argued for or against, which is essential for engaging readers and persuading them to consider the writer's perspective. The other options do not meet the criteria for a claim. Stating an unarguable topic does not facilitate discussion or argument; rather, it presents facts that everyone agrees upon. Presenting a neutral observation does not take sides or express an opinion, which is contrary to the purpose of constructing an argument. Similarly, summarizing background information lacks the necessity of presenting an opinion, thus failing to create a claim that can be argued.