Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

In what type of ellipsis is a previously mentioned verb phrase omitted for brevity?

1. Gapping

2. Sluicing

3. Stripping

4. Nominal ellipsis

The correct answer is: Gapping

Gapping is the specific type of ellipsis in which a previously mentioned verb phrase is omitted to avoid repetition and maintain brevity in a sentence. It typically occurs in coordinated clauses where a verb phrase has already been stated in one clause, allowing it to be omitted in a subsequent clause while still conveying the intended meaning. For instance, in the sentences "I went to the store, and she to the park," the verb phrase "went" is omitted in the second clause, creating a more concise structure without losing clarity. This helps streamline the information and keeps the focus on the new content of the sentence rather than on repeating the already established action. Other types of ellipsis, such as sluicing, involve omitting an entire clause or question, often leaving only an interrogative phrase, and do not focus solely on verb phrases. Stripping refers to the omission of auxiliary verbs and confirming elements, while nominal ellipsis pertains to the omission of noun phrases or subjects. Each of these serves a different grammatical purpose, setting gapping apart as the one emphasizing the omission of verb phrases for succinctness.