Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

In the Toulmin model, what does the 'warrant' represent?

1. A detailed examination of evidence

2. The underlying assumption shared by speaker and audience

3. A conclusion drawn from a series of premises

4. A rebuttal to opposing viewpoints

The correct answer is: The underlying assumption shared by speaker and audience

In the Toulmin model of argumentation, the 'warrant' serves as the critical link between the evidence presented and the claim being made. It represents the underlying assumption that connects the data (evidence) to the conclusion (claim). This assumption is often implicit, meaning that both the speaker and the audience share an understanding of it without it needing to be explicitly stated. The warrant is essential because it supports the rationale for why the evidence provided should lead to the conclusion drawn. When a speaker presents a claim based on certain evidence, the audience needs to accept the warrant in order to fully accept the argument. If the audience does not share this underlying assumption, the argument may fall flat. This understanding of the warrant helps in crafting persuasive arguments, as recognizing the shared beliefs of the audience can strengthen the connection between the evidence and the claim.